Daily Pricing
The net asset value, or NAV, of each Fund's shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. NAV per share is computed by dividing the net assets by the number of shares outstanding.
If you buy or sell Fund shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your Fund shares in Creation Unit blocks.
The approximate value of shares of each Fund is disseminated every fifteen seconds throughout the trading day by the national securities exchange on which the Fund's shares are listed or by other information providers, such as Reuters. This approximate value should not be viewed as a "real-time" update of the NAV, because the approximate value may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed once a day. The approximate value generally is determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the portfolio securities held by the Funds. The Funds are not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the approximate value and make no warranty as to its accuracy.
When calculating the NAV of the Funds' shares, stocks held by the fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a Fund's cash are valued on the basis of amortized cost. The values of any foreign securities held by a Fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party.
When reliable market quotations are not readily available, securities are priced at their fair value, which is the price a security's owner might reasonably expect to receive upon its sale. A Fund also may use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the Fund's pricing time but after the close of the primary markets or exchanges on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the Fund's pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement); country-specific (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, act of terrorism, interest rate change); or global. Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that are deemed to affect the value of foreign securities. Fair-value pricing may also be used by each Fund to value restricted securities held by the Funds or certain small-capitalization or mid-capitalization securities with little or no trading activity for extended periods of time. Although rare, fair-value pricing also may be used for domestic securities--for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the Fund's pricing time or if a security does not trade in the course of a day, and (2) the Fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the Fund's NAV.
Fair-value prices are determined by the Advisor according to procedures adopted by the Board of Directors. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a Fund to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.